Sodium intercalation batteries might prove to be a viable alternative of lithium ion batteries, which is both expensive and in short supply due to unavailability of lithium.
A double layer δ-NH4V4O10, due to its high energy storage capacity and excellent rate capability, is a very promising cathode material for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries for large-scale renewable energy storage in transportation and smart grids.
Understanding the relationship between the interaction of ions in solution with the solvation structure and its dynamics and the bulk properties like ionic conductivity, viscosity, etc is of considerable importance.
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